Multifaceted Nature of Intrinsic Motivation: The Theory of 16 Basic Desires

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January 29, 2024

Steven Reiss
The Ohio State University

R. W. White (1959) proposed that certain motives, such as curiosity, autonomy, and play (called intrinsic motives, or IMs), have common characteristics that distinguish them from drives. The evidence that mastery is common to IMs is anecdotal, not scientific. The assertion that “intrinsic enjoyment” is common to IMs exaggerates the significance of pleasure in human motivation and expresses the hedonistic fallacy of
confusing consequence for cause. Nothing has been shown scientifically to be common to IMs that differentiates them from drives. An empirically testable theory of 16 basic desires is put forth based on psychometric research and subsequent behavior validation. The desires are largely unrelated to each other and may have different evolutionary histories.

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The Challenger

Fun team building activities and challenges are engaging and entertaining experiences that bring team members together in a relaxed, enjoyable environment. These activities often involve creative problem-solving, collaborative tasks, or friendly competition designed to foster cooperation, communication, and trust among participants. By promoting a sense of camaraderie and connection, these challenges help team members break down barriers, develop better interpersonal relationships, and appreciate each other’s unique strengths and talents. Additionally, fun team building activities create shared memories and positive experiences that contribute to a more cohesive and productive work environment, ultimately resulting in stronger team dynamics and improved overall performance.

The Explorer

Designed around your objectives, the Explorer program aims to foster collaboration, communication, and trust among team members and promote personal and professional growth. Following each activity, debriefing sessions are held to facilitate reflection and open dialogue, allowing team members to discuss their experiences, insights, and any lessons learned. These fun and engaging exercises not only help break down barriers but also provide opportunities for individuals to learn about themselves, each other, and their strengths and talents. By examining successes, areas for improvement, and the dynamics at play, the group can draw valuable conclusions that ultimately contribute to a stronger, more cohesive team unit.

Team Dynamics

The Team Dynamics program is a comprehensive day of activities and insights, centered around the Reiss Motivation Profile assessment. Before the program, participants receive an invitation to complete this insightful assessment, which takes about 15-20 minutes and lays the foundation for a day of discovery. As they engage in various team-building activities, we observe the teams in action, pinpointing and reflecting on their natural tendencies and behaviors.

During in-depth debriefing sessions, we link the day’s experiences to their individual and collective motivations, providing a deep dive into how these factors influence their team dynamics. This program is not just about activities; it’s about understanding and harnessing the underlying motivations that drive team performance. It’s a day filled with revelations, offering a unique opportunity for teams to truly understand and improve their dynamics, leading to more cohesive and effective collaboration. This insightful and engaging journey is designed to empower participants with a profound understanding of themselves and their team, fostering a more dynamic, harmonious, and productive work environment.

How to Achieve Values-Based Happiness?

Is your life meaningful? Do you experience a general feeling of well-being? Is the happiness you feel enduring?

According to Professor Steven Reiss, there are two kinds of happiness: feel-good happiness and values-based happiness.

Feel-good happiness refers to the pleasant sensations people experience when they are watching a good movie, attending a fun party, or eating their favorite dessert. Values-based happiness refers to the deep sense of satisfaction people experience when their lives are meaningful.

Unlike the temporary nature of feel-good happiness, values-based happiness is enduring in part because it can be experienced again and again through recollection. Parents, for example, can experience values-based happiness merely by remembering the joy they felt while raising their children. Further, values-based happiness is meaningful despite the absence of feel-good happiness. When individuals give blood to help a loved one, they can feel good about themselves even though the actual sensations of donating blood are unpleasant.

The Voyager

The Voyager program offers an unforgettable outdoor experience in the scenic landscapes of the UAE, such as Hatta, Fujairah, Maydaq, Wadi Thaena, and Sadiqa Ascent. What sets Voyager apart is its variety; it’s not just one program but a number of unique journeys that you can select from. Each is designed to immerse participants in the breathtaking beauty of uncharted locations. Some Voyager programs incorporate the Reiss Motivation Profile, offering participants a profound opportunity to connect with their inner selves and reflect amidst the tranquil beauty of wadis, canyons, and narrow passes.

Other Voyager experiences are designed to let teams unleash their adventurous spirit by engaging in team-building challenges set against the backdrop of the wild and natural world. Whether it’s navigating through tight passes or collaborating to overcome obstacles, Voyager is an ideal blend of self-discovery, team bonding, and nature immersion. This program is more than just an outdoor activity; it’s a journey to align your personal growth with the rhythms of nature, allowing you to flourish in the heart of the wilderness.

The Leadership Odyssey: Exploring New Frontiers

Embark on an unforgettable journey, a unique leadership workshop that combines outdoor experiential learning with introspective values assessment, reflections, and thought-provoking discussions. Designed to challenge, inspire, and develop participants’ leadership skills, this unique program encourages individuals to step out of their comfort zones and discover their untapped potential. By engaging in adventurous activities, participants will have the opportunity to develop essential leadership qualities such as teamwork, adaptability, resilience, and decision-making while navigating through uncharted territory.

Beyond the exhilarating outdoor experiences, The Leadership Odyssey delves into the core values and beliefs that shape each individual’s leadership style. Through guided reflections, assessments, and group discussions, participants will explore the importance of aligning their personal values with their leadership approach, fostering a strong sense of purpose. By fostering an environment of open dialogue, the program encourages individuals to learn from one another’s unique perspectives, creating a diverse and supportive community of leaders poised to make a meaningful impact in their organizations and beyond.

The Foundations of Excellence: Building Supportive Leadership

Several factors determine an organization’s bottom-line results, leadership is among the most influential. However, it does not happen in a vacuum. It is an interpersonal process; it occurs within a social context. It attempts to influence others’ behaviors, and its effectiveness is determined by the achievement of organizational goals.

This workshop is based on three foundational theories and promises to help you identify leadership strategies to improve your effectiveness. The exercises and activities are designed to bring out behaviors and character as a basis for diagnosing and aligning your values and actions, which will help you become a better leader, engage others and achieve your organizational goals.

Based on Reiss’s 16 Basic Desires Theory, the assessment suggests that human behavior is influenced by a set of fundamental universal needs. By offering insights into an individual’s motivational structure, the Reiss Motivation Profile assessment enables them to better understand their actions, preferences, and priorities, leading to more informed decisions.

This comprehensive program is ideal for employers, coaches, managers, HR specialists, learning and development professionals, and counselors. It covers the fundamentals of the Reiss Motivation Profile®, including its theoretical basis, standardization process, administration, and interpretation. Upon completion, participants will be authorized to use the tool for profiling in their businesses for clients and/or colleagues.

As a participant in this intensive 2-day workshop, you’ll acquire the skills for carrying out the Reiss Motivation Profile® professionally, interpreting its results, and using it as a complex tool for developing individuals, teams, and organizations. Throughout this program, you will also gain a solid understanding of the RMP’s theoretical foundation, practical application, and administration. Prior to the course, each participant is required to complete the RMP and attend a Zoom call to ensure the information is tailored to his/her specific field. A pre-study packet will be provided upon enrollment.

We are often asked about the origins of our company name and logo. Our name, Truvian, is derived from Leonardo da Vinci’s iconic Vitruvian Man, with the initial two letters removed. While the Vitruvian Man is an exceptional piece that combines art and mathematics, our fascination with it goes beyond that. Our company is founded on the Vitruvian principle that “everything is connected to everything else,” which embodies the idea of interconnectedness, central to our approach. We embrace Systems Thinking, recognizing that everything in the universe is interconnected and part of a larger system. This is precisely what Truvian Partners represents.

Leveraging our expertise, we assist individuals, teams, and organizations in understanding the interconnectedness of their business aspects, promoting teamwork. Enhancing interpersonal and collaboration skills is a vital aspect of Truvian Partners’ mission.

Moreover, the Vitruvian Man demonstrates the connection between the human body and geometry while celebrating the Renaissance ideal of the “Renaissance Man,” a well-rounded individual with diverse interests, knowledge, and talents. This person exhibits curiosity, creativity, and innovation, appreciating the beauty and complexity of the world. The Vitruvian Man remains a celebrated work of art and a symbol of human excellence and achievement.

Our company’s mission is centered on nurturing leaders who possess both acute self-awareness and a deep sensitivity to the psychological needs of others. We believe a true leader navigates interpersonal complexities with empathy and insight, fostering a collaborative and understanding environment. By developing these qualities in leaders, we aim to make a lasting impact on organizations and communities.

Interestingly, the Vitruvian Man appears to be a single image at first glance, but it is actually composed of 16 poses. Viewing it from this perspective reveals a multidimensional form, almost like a hologram, mirroring the complexity of human behavior.

Human behavior may initially seem simple and easy to understand, akin to the clarity of HR policies. However, a closer examination reveals a complex tapestry of emotions, motivations, and experiences. Individuals are not mere components to be managed through standardized policies; they bring diversity, unique perspectives, and intricate personal histories. Understanding and managing human behavior necessitates empathy, insight, and adaptability, acknowledging the richness and complexity beneath the surface.

American psychologist Steven Reiss developed a theory of human strivings that deciphers this phenomenon, explaining people’s motivations and actions. His theory of 16 basic desires offers the first empirical assessment, presenting a comprehensive view of a person’s motivational drivers and desire structure. Our name and logo, featuring 16 arrows, represent the 16 psychological needs driving human behavior.

We take pride in not only conveying theoretical knowledge but also providing organizations with practical tools and methodologies for seamless integration into daily operations. Our approach aims to empower organizations with actionable strategies, fostering a culture of continuous improvement and tangible results.

We are Truvian Partners… We Develop Leaders, Build Teams, and Transform Organizations